Cardiology is the science that studies the diseases of the heart and circulatory system. Cardiology used to be a sub-branch of internal medicine, but today it works as a separate department.

The knowledge accumulated by the researches and the developing new technologies have led to great developments in the field of cardiology and the emergence of sub-disciplines, as in other research and/or applied sciences. In the last 30-40 years, cardiology has made progress beyond expectations and these developments continue to increase. Along with these developments, some sub-branches formed in cardiology are as follows:

• Interventional cardiology
• Heart electrophysiology

Of course, the emergence of sub-branches and the work of doctors and researchers specializing on them also allow the development of new diagnosis and treatment methods.

Among the diseases that the science of cardiology works to provide diagnosis and treatment (treatment), there are some diseases that are among the most important health problems of today. Some of these diseases can be listed as follows:

• Hypertension
• Atherosclerotic heart diseases (such as coronary artery disease)
• Heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias)
• Congenital heart diseases

High blood pressure, which is also of interest to branches such as nephrology and endocrinology, heart failure due to various diseases, heart valve diseases due to congenital or various diseases and many similar diseases are among the diseases that cardiology deals with for diagnosis and treatment.

Some of the diagnostic tools used by cardiology are:

• Echocardiography
• Electrocardiography (ECG) and related diagnostic methods:
• Heart stress test (also known as “exertion test” or “stress EKG”)
• Portable ECG device (also known as “Holter monitor”)
• Levels of heart enzymes in the blood